The Chandos Portrait

July 13th, 2010

The Chandos portrait is believed by many to be one of the few depictions of the well-loved bard William Shakespeare, who lived from 1564–1616.  There is such compelling academic controversy surrounding the figure of Shakespeare, even to the point of some questioning whether he was the true author of the writing attributed to him.  The Chandos portrait is an image that has contributed to his iconography, perhaps from as early as 1623 when his First Folio was published.  The cover of the First Folio sports an engraved image that bears a striking resemblance to the Chandos portrait (which is so named because it was once owned by the 3rd Duke of Chandos).

Perhaps unfortunately, the painting had at one point been altered to make the subject appear, among other things, balder.  There was also a fake inscription added.  There are seven total portraits we are aware of today that are presumed to have been painted during Shakespeare’s lifetime.  The Chandos portrait was modified to fit better with these other representations and thus make it seem more like our composite perception of the man.

The portrait’s current owner, the National Portrait Gallery of London, received it in 1856.  Their most recent research concludes that it is a true likeness of Shakespeare, “probably.”  They attribute the pleasantly colored portrait of the sensitive eyed man to a painter named John Taylor.  The Portrait Gallery’s research about the identity of the subject involves studying elements such as whether the clothing depicted and the oil pigments used were appropriate to the time that Shakespeare lived.  The man portrayed wears a gold earring and a loose white collar with ties.  He also wears a full moustache and beard.  These fashion details often represent a poet, and they are apparent in the dress of other poets and literary figures of the time.

Given our awareness of how depictions of every person, not just famous bards, can vary across time and also according to lighting conditions, backgrounds, angles, clothing choices, etc., this oil painting is easy to regard as a precious historic relic.

Author: Julie Ann

Elisabeth-Louise Vigee Lebrun

July 13th, 2010

Elisabeth-Louise Vigee Lebrun was a painter born in Paris in 1755.  Her father painted fans and portraits, and he was her first painting instructor.  She began painting portraits professionally as a teenager, and throughout her lifetime received patronage from very powerful and wealthy people, as is evidenced by the titles in the titles of many of her oil portraits (i.e., Baroness, Prince, Marquise, Countess, Duchess, Count, etc.).  She traveled widely, partly due to the French Revolution, to locations such as St. Petersburg and Vienna.  She was perhaps best known as earning a position as the court painter for Marie Antoinette, and as a rare female member of the French Academy of Arts, but she also painted Catherine the Great and gained membership to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.

Vigee Lebrun’s style was notable in its diversity, and she has been described as sometimes sacrificing the ideal of perfect likeness for her desire for a more perfectly palatable composition.  One of her themes is the idealization of mother plus daughter within portraits, and it is lovely to note how many of her self portraits are available for contemporary art lovers’ enjoyment.  To compare her Self Portrait with Daughter, in which she and her young daughter Julie are so naturally embracing each other while dressed in modest peasant-artist style clothing, with Portrait of Marie Antoinette and Children illustrates what range she had as a painter.  Marie Antoinette’s pale skinned facial features seem to lack the details apparent in the sumptuous surroundings, right down to the pattern and tassels of the pillow under her feet.  The children look cherubic, as they often do in Vigee Lubrun’s paintings, and they are painted with the same look of devotion in their eyes that Julie appears to have in each portrait in which she appears.

Vigee Lebrun’s portrait of Lord Byron is a fine example of her ability to capture important qualities about her subjects.  By pairing careful brushstrokes with her sensitivity to the subtle aspects of personality, she revealed his dashing romantic poet disposition.  He looks off to the side, as if distracted, and his curls are carefully rendered yet slightly wild.  The fact that she earned herself opportunities to paint so many notable 18th century figures attests to her skills as a painter of character, not just physical characteristics, of people.

Author: Julie Ann

Thomas Gainsborough

July 13th, 2010

Thomas Gainsborough was a celebrated and sought-after portrait painter born in 1727 in Sudbury, England.  As a boy, he was inspired to draw the countryside near his home, and throughout his life he also painted landscapes.  Gainsborough began his professional career by studying in London with a French engraver named Gravelot, and eventually he became affiliated with William Hogarth, a famous English engraver.

Gainsborough’s well-known portraits include “The Blue Boy” and “The Morning Walk.”  His treatment of the clothing on both of these illustrate why critics continue to point to the work of Dutch painter van Dyck as influential to Gainsborough’s style.  Viewers note the superb ephemeral quality of the ruffled, gauzy fabrics on the couple in “The Morning Walk” as well as the lacy collar and shimmery velvet-like appearance of the boy’s blue suit.  The backgrounds of these two paintings are similar in that they are set outdoors and include loosely rendered trees, but the tone is very different.  The couple’s walk (and indeed their life together) seems idyllic because of the blue sky, the doting and friendly dog, and the shelter provided by the tree.  The young boy, however, seems dashing and heroic in the foreground of a somewhat darker and more troubled sky.  Viewers have the impression that he is emerging from something sublime because in the distance, there is just a great beyond.

Another part of Gainsborough’s career that is of interest is that he helped decorate the supper boxes at Vauxhall Gardens, which was a center of emerging culture during his time.  Googling Gainsborough images allows one to see that he clearly contributed to that culture, as he created numerous lovely portraits of middle class and aristocratic people.  The variety of backgrounds, from Greek ruins to oil paintings, as well as the array of fashionable clothing, has helped preserve aspects of cultural history that are invaluable.  Gainsborough passed away in 1788 after an illustrious career in oil painting that earned him a place as one of the founders of the Royal Society of Arts.  His ability to flatter subjects with strokes of his oil paint brushes is the best explanation for his status and fame.

Author: Julie Ann

Appropriate Guidelines to Paint Your Portrait

July 13th, 2010

At one point our guidelines for how to choose appropriate photos and provide additional instructions includes a very funny and pointed comment: “Our artists are serious and talented painters, but they are not clairvoyant.” I find this reminder particularly helpful, because with a satisfaction guaranteed policy like we have, every customer should understand that the artists try very hard to satisfy sometimes idiosyncratic desires.

Perhaps you prefer shadows and darker tones in your portrait.  We will not know that unless your source information communicates it.  For example, if the photo you select has shadows evident and you provide no additional instructions, your portrait will include the shadows.  You would need to explain any and all changes that you want, in order to see them in your finished product.  As well, be aware that if there is some aspect of the portrait’s desired appearance that is complicated or open to various interpretations, it is likely that, without clear instructions, the artist will not be able to create what you seek.

Try first and foremost to show what you desire through the images you provide, and then take care with your words when describing any departures from the original image that you look forward to seeing.  If additional instructions (regarding aspects of the portrait that could successfully differ from the photograph) are not provided, we will privilege the photographic information over our own opinion about what the best portrait would look like.  We may decide to make recommendations, but we will never make the decision to diverge from what the photograph depicts without first gaining permission from you, the customer.

Fortunately, there is one additional step in which customers can request that small changes be made based on an emailed photograph of the nearly finished portrait, but the painting will be most successful if the original instructions are very clear about alterations to the image in the source photo.

Author: Julie Ann

Where to Place Your Portrait

July 13th, 2010

In our website, there is a lovely description of the emotional value of oil portraits.  Included on this page is a story about purchasing a family portrait as an anniversary gift for a couple after the narrator experienced difficulty figuring out what to buy.  The part of the story that stood out most was when the narrator identified where the painting had been hung.  First, it was hung during the anniversary party in “a place of honor” in the dance hall.  Then, the woman arranged for it to be hung on her dining room wall.  She looks at and appreciates it often there, and it both represents and reminds her of the joy of her family life.

I thought that both of those choices for portrait placement were very good.  To have a quality portrait that is not placed in a place of honor – where it can be a focal point for visitors’ attention – is a sad thing.  The wall space should not be too cramped, so this is important to think about before designating the size of the portrait.  Furniture placement should be conducive to viewing the portrait, and the decorative intent of the room as a whole should be considered.  Theme, style, and colors are elements to reflect on when selecting clothing and background for the portrait, and these elements should also come to mind when selecting the frame (more about this in another post) and the placement in the room.

Achieving a sense of harmony and balance with the portrait’s immediate environment – be it a bedroom, study, foyer, living room, den or office environment – is key to your continued enjoyment of the portrait.  Pet portraits are hot now in the interior design world and a portrait of, say, an equestrian riding his prize thoroughbred or a young couple with their new beagle puppy might be well suited for a billiard room.  A maternity portrait, however, would probably not be.

While the portrait may be hung as a solitary feature in one section of the room, another popular approach in interior decorating is to make it part of a collection of images hung together.  The most important thing to remember when choosing a location for an oil painting, however, is to avoid heat, excessive light, and moisture. Both heat and moisture can cause the canvas and/or the wooden canvas stretcher to expand and contract, which in turn causes the oil paint to crack or flake away.  Direct sunlight or commercial light that is too close (such as when mounted on the painting) can also damage the paint and produce unwanted heat.  Diffuse lighting from a relatively distant source is best.  The following standards may be helpful: winter 65-70° Fahrenheit with 40%-45% humidity, and summer 70-75° Fahrenheit with 45%-55% humidity.

Finally, when placing the painting be sure to avoid touching it with unclean hands or bumping the paint surface.  Grasp it on both sides, rather than at the top or on the hanging wire.

Choosing Colors and Clothing for your Portrait

July 10th, 2010

When selecting the photo, or when deciding to pose for the photo that will be used for the portrait, the tenets of good photography portraits pertain to the oil portrait.  I found a photographer who blogs about his work, and he always recommends that clients choose clothing with solid colors, or at least prints with low contrast, i.e., nothing too loud or busy.  Avoid plaid, stripes, logos, or trendy styles.  Similarly, avoid big or shiny jewelry or belt bucklesGo for neutral or muted colors because bright, flashy colors will draw attention away from the smiles and the people.

Portraits turn out best when all the colors fall in the same tone range.  In other words, you should be able to identify a pleasing color scheme. Think of the way a bride or wedding planner arranges the colors of dresses, flowers, etc.  You don’t need to match colors exactly, but consider that if you include more than one shade of a single color (for example, faded vs. bright blue), it may look like you tried to match but failed.  Even modern era portraitists, who used stylized textures and lines, usually relied on solid colored clothing to make pleasing compositions.  Tamara de Lempicka, a painter in Paris in the 1930s, chose a white satin gown and a red coat for her Portrait de Madame Boucard.  In another, Femme au Col de Fourrure, Lempicka decided that her subject wear a teal dress with a brown coat and white gloves.

Let’s talk about how setting, clothing, and theme can all work together to make a successful portrait.  In the previous examples, women were depicted in coats.  For your own portrait, if coats were the clothing of choice, it would seem natural to have an outdoor or even a snowy background.  If the subject(s) wore casual summertime clothing, perhaps a sunny green backyard or a blue sky with beach would help tie the composition together.  These choices help communicate the personality of the subject(s).  If it is a portrait of 2 more people, no one person should wear anything extraordinary compared to the others.

Because oil paintings are well suited for portraying a certain elegant realism, this may be the approach you decide to take when making your theme and color choices.  A formal, or classical, approach to your portrait may mean that the poses are more rigid, the perspective is the most flattering possible (but not necessarily the most natural), the setting shows off luxurious items like velvet curtains or gilt-edged books, and the clothing is expensive and freshly dry cleaned.  However, many contemporary oil portrait clients prefer a more natural and unassuming style of portrait, as with the aforementioned beach background portrait.  Given that the outdoor setting is rather informal, it may fit best with informal poses and clothing.  An informal pose is one that looks very comfortable and typical for the person, and in which perhaps one or more subjects do not face the camera.

Author: Julie Ann

How to choose a good photo for your portrait

July 10th, 2010

My earliest memory of a portrait was one that included my cousin when she was a young girl.  I recall thinking that it did remind me of her, as I’d known her then and as I knew her currently (albeit with less cute baby roundness).  The color scheme was soothing and deep, and I really liked the composition as a whole.  If I’m not mistaken, there were plants edging two sides.  The effect of that portrait on anyone viewing it in their home was touching, and it made the family seem a little more culturally aware of art through time.

The reason for any portrait’s success is that the artist (often commissioned for choosing how to do the work) is talented or, that someone chose a good picture and asked a talented artist to paint it.  The portrait-interested person, then, should definitely be aware of guidelines for choosing a good picture.  Good lighting, a large enough size to view details, and a high enough resolution for fine details are 3 basic attributes of a good photograph in general.  But in addition to that, photographs that translate well into oil portrait form must be considered from the perspective of people who have never met the subject(s).

It is important to ensure that the picture, when viewed through the eyes of both the painter and the future viewers, will reflect and communicate what you want it to.  Expressions on faces – are they appropriately positive, open, flattering?  Who is placed where within the photo?  Is the relationship between the people (if there is more than one pictured) made clear by their postures, direction of gaze, actions?  Is clothing important?  Other items that appear – is it okay if they take on symbolism, or dictate aspects of the subjects’ personality to the viewer?

If there is a “flaw” or a thing that you want changed or removed, the artist will likely be able to change or omit it, as long as you describe the change adequately.  Doing this may make the choice of reference pictures doubly important.  See my other posts for more about background and clothing choice, and what to do if the perfect picture for your portrait has a flaw, like eyes that aren’t open or poor lighting.

Author: Julie Ann